Historical Map: Map Showing Indianapolis as a Steam Railroad and Interurban Center, 1907

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Here’s an absolutely wonderful diagram of rail in Indianapolis in 1907 that pares everything down to the absolute minimum required to tell the story. 43 completely evenly-spaced railroad lines (representing 18 steam lines and 25 interurbans, according to the source) enter the city, which is encircled by the aptly named Belt Railroad. The names of those 43 outer destinations spiral dramatically around the edge of the map, though the flow is perhaps broken a bit by the need to show some still-more-distant cities: Cincinnati, Dayton, Louisville, Evansville, St. Louis and Chicago, all of which are shown as being accessible by multiple routes.

Our rating: I love this so much. An instant five stars.

Prints of this amazing diagram are now available in the Transit Maps online store.

Source: Indiana History website

Historical Map: Rotterdam Transit Map, c. 1974 by Tel Design

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Here’s another fantastic old transit diagram taken from the pages of the 1974 Graphis Diagrams annual (see also this concept Helsinki Metro map). This minimalist diagram of Rotterdam’s transit was designed by the firm Tel Design, who were also responsible for the corporate identity of Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS or Dutch Railways) in the 1960s. The creative director, Gert Dumbar, formed his own design studio in 1977 and continued to do work for NS through the 1980s, creating the visual language of the railway which is still very evident today.

The diagram uses a clear colour-based visual hierarchy: black and the NS logo for main line rail. blue for the Metro (at the time, the only one in the Netherlands), and red for trams and buses. I think black numbers are for trams and red numbers are for buses, but I could be wrong. Points of interest get white numbers in black boxes, and are explained at the bottom of the map.

There’s a very pleasant simplicity to the whole thing, although it’s perhaps missing a few too many contextual cues to be truly useful – street names, etc. Still, it’s a lovely example of classic mid-1970s Dutch minimalist design and worth a look.

Source: design et typo

Official Map: Railway Track Map of France, 2017

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By now, many of you will know that I’m working on reworking my diagram of TGV routes in France from 2011. While doing research, I came across this absolutely stunning track map of all railways in France, produced by Latitude-Cartagène, who were also responsible for this great diagram of transit in the Ile-de-France.

Seriously, the level of detail in this is just amazing. Single-track, double-track and multiple-track lines are all shown individually, with extra differentiation between electrified, non-electrified passenger and freight lines. Marshalling yards are drawn in precise detail. The high-speed lignes à grande vitesse (LGV) – of most interest to me, obviously – are shown in prominent cyan lines, even including the soon-to-be-opened Nîmes–Montpellier bypass (shown above). Tourist railways like the line to Digne-les-Bains from Nice are also shown, as are lines that have closed but are still extant. Even here, a distinction is made between “really closed” and “we might open this one again some time”.

In short, this is simply incredible and well worth a detailed perusal by any rail fan: download the latest version of the PDF from the SNCF website here.

Submission – Official Map: GoTriangle Regional System Map, North Carolina

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 Submitted by Erik – a Transit Service Planning Supervisor at GoTriangle – who says:

GoTriangle, a regional bus system in the Research Triangle region of North Carolina, just updated its system map from a mostly geographical map to this schematic version. There aren’t a lot of systems like ours in the US, so we ended up doing somewhat of a hybrid between a subway-style map and a local bus map (for example, we used thicker solid lines to denote all-day routes since we don’t really have a frequent network yet). This is our first stab at this type of map, so we are very much open to ideas for how to improve it – I am not the designer, but had some input into the map. Let us know what you think!

Transit Maps says:

Overall, this is a very competent and visually pleasing system map, Erik – you’re definitely on the right path here! 

While schematic in style, the main hubs maintain a good spatial relationship to each other and to the real-world geography of the area, which makes the whole thing easier to understand. Generally, labelling of major streets – another important part of helping user locate themselves on the map – is well done, although the highway numbers could perhaps be a little larger and some of the more crowded areas are missing street names.

The numbering of routes on the routes themselves helps in following paths across the map, but it can look a little awkward when many routes run in parallel. The number boxes all sort of scrunch up next to each other and have to be offset from their lines to make things fit. I’ve seen people solve this problem by staggering the number boxes along the line, which could work here, although the section to the north of the GoRaleigh station would need some careful attention.

On the other hand, my personal preference is that county names should sit directly across the boundary line from each other. This is so that an immediate comparison between the two names can be made, rather than having to slide your eyes along the line to find the next county name.

However, there’s a lot to like about the map – the large circular hub stations work well to indicate their importance, and the literal “link” icon for connections is both archly self-aware and effective. (As a regional-scale map, it might be an idea to also indicate connections to Amtrak rail services at appropriate stations). The three levels of service are denoted clearly, and I especially like the little directional arrows to indicate the direction of travel along routes during the AM and PM peaks where appropriate.

The use of icons throughout is nice, though the Park-and-Ride circle in particular seems a little too small. Could RDU use an airport icon to help it stand out a bit more? 

The route notes are a good idea to provide further detail, but the “speech bubble” format could be a little confusing. Traditionally, the tail of such a bubble points to the thing of interest (e.g., the speaker in a comic book), but here it doesn’t really point at anything. Instead, the reader has to follow a thin line to find what the note is referring to. I don’t mind the smaller icon at the point of interest, but I’d suggest the larger note lose its tail. A point of consistency: the note about “PART Route 4” to the left edge is presented in a different visual style to all the other notes. While it’s referring to the route of a different company, I believe the note should really follow the style of all the others.

Our rating: Despite the detailed critique, I think this is actually quite lovely. It’s clean, modern, easy to read and follow. Most of what I discuss is sweating the small details to really make the map shine. Great work – three-and-a-half stars!

Historical Map: Concept for Helsinki Metro Diagram, c. 1974

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Here’s something interesting – an early concept diagram for the Helsinki Metro that shows two lines instead of the eventual one (plus branch). It appears in the 1974 edition of Graphis Diagrams, a collection of the best informational design from around the world at the time (generally within the last year). 

Stylistically, it’s almost identical to the diagram that was actually used when the Metro finally opened in 1982… it just has a whole extra line.

Graphis credits the designers as Ola Laiho and Esko Miettinen.

Source: typo et design website (JPG)

Submission – Official Map: Bus Network Map, Dunedin, New Zealand

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Submitted by Peter, who says:

They just went through a redesign and man this map is just useless. I cannot begin to imagine what they were thinking with this design :/

Transit Maps says:

It’s really hard to argue with Peter’s succinct summary of this map: it’s really pretty dire, especially in the context of a bus network with new and supposedly improved routes which might need explaining. The long axis of routes running from the Botanic Gardens down through the Octagon is almost totally indecipherable – are all routes running along one street or multiple parallel streets? And what’s happening in the tangle at the centre is anyone’s guess. The route lines have obviously all been drawn freehand as well, rather than offsetting paths accurately, which adds to the chaotic feeling. 

The one and only mitigating factor is that this is a general overview map at the beginning of a timetable booklet, so it’s not really meant to be used for proper navigation of the system. The journey planner on the agency’s website seems to be a lot more user-friendly, and I’m really, really hoping that any system maps at bus shelters aren’t based off this.

Our rating: Not really intended as a full system map, which saves it from a zero. Half a star.

Source: Otago Regional Council website

“Between Stations” by Nicholas Rougeux

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We’ve featured plenty of Nick’s work on Transit Maps before – he has an uncanny knack of taking something familiar and mundane and looking at it from a completely new perspective. 

His new project, “Between Stations” is no exception, as he literally pulls apart subway systems from around the world and rearranges them into attractive circular forms. No scaling or rotation of the line segments is performed, they’re just rearranged to fill the circle. What’s really interesting is that each circle is unique and different, much like a fingerprint. New York’s angled street grid is still obvious (above), London is still a tangled mess, and so on.

Nick has a whole page on the methodology behind the making of the maps – a curious mixture of automated data and manual work – and there are also posters for sale.

However, I could just stare all day at the animated GIFs that morph the subway systems into their fingerprints and back again. Mesmerising!

Historical Map: Subway-Surface Lines, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1978

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Here’s a great late-1970s diagram that I haven’t seen before of Philadelphia’s subway-surface trolley lines. From the looks of things, this might well have been a strip map within the trolley cars themselves.

The subway-surface lines are given full prominence here, with the rest of Philly’s rapid transit rail system represented by very thin route lines mainly confined to the right third of the map. The five trolley routes are treated very diagrammatically, each following a straight path across the length of the sheet. Cleverly, little breaks in each line indicate where the trolley runs along different streets towards its final destination. The 10 runs on 36th, Lancaster, Lansdowne and 63rd on its way out to Overbrook, for example. Angled lines indicate cross streets and the numbers/letters of connecting services, though I think that the type here is a little to small to be read easily – something that can be said for much of the diagram. I wouldn’t fancy trying to read those tiny numbers on a crowded trolley, that’s for sure!

Interestingly, the lines are shown as purple, rather than the familiar green of modern SEPTA maps. Here, green is used to show main line passenger and commuter rail services out of 30th Street, Penn Center and the Reading Terminal. Note that commuter rail services were still under ConRail at the time.

Our rating: A great example of late-1970s minimalist transit diagram design, though readability is a concern due to the small labels on the map. Three stars.

Source: Free Library of Philadelphia

Submission – Official Map: Boston MBTA Commuter Rail Zones Map

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Submitted by alr2659, who says:

I found this map of the MBTA commuter rail zones in the Central Square T station on the red line in Cambridge. Strangely, this station does not have any commuter rail service, so I’m not sure why this was there at all.

I guess I’ll start with the obvious part: those colors are pretty hideous, and the mud-brown color used for zone 1A does a really good job making it difficult to actually see the line in that zone (which is a shame, since almost all of the system’s complexity is within this zone. Second, despite the zone borders wavering all over the place, the spacing between stations is not consistent. This is most apparent on the Lowell line – Wedgemere to West Medford is more than twice the distance from Wedgemere to Winchester Center. On the subject of inconsistent spacing, the space between station dots and their labels is inconsistent (an example of this that jumps out particularly is Wellesley Square in zone 3 on the Worcester line).

Labels in zones 1A and 1 go every direction imaginable, and the stop between Morton Street and Fairmount in zone 1 on the Readville line isn’t doesn’t even have one (and that’s not all – it doesn’t even exist yet.) And Fairmount itself – Zone 1 or Zone 2? (It’s actually in zone 1A, but I think this map predates that change.) My favorite station on this map, though, is Foxboro, in zone 6. It mentions that it is serviced for special events only, but not where trains come from to get there (Both from South Station via the Franklin line and from Providence via the Providence line). 

The geography of the coastline is very detailed; unfortunately, it doesn’t really resemble the actual Massachusetts coast, and even the parts that are recognizable aren’t in the right spots relative to the stations (Cohasset should be east of that peninsula that sticks up north). The rivers in the immediate Boston area are very detailed, but rivers elsewhere are simply omitted.

Having moved past the glaring issues, there’s not a lot of information presented on this map. For example, it would be useful to know that Amtrak connections are available at some of these stations, or some indication of service, since Framingham gets 43 trains on weekdays while Plimptonville gets 2. This map has the same problem as the rapid transit map that it is unclear which trains stop at Readville.


Transit Maps says:

Despite not being available anywhere on their website, I’m pretty certain that this is an actual official MBTA map, though it does seem a little weird that it’s not branded as such anywhere.

I agree with much of what has been noted above – the rainbow zones are both ostentatious and ugly, in particular – though I do note that a very similar diagram that was discussed in a Reddit thread three years ago has a label for the future Blue Hill Avenue station and draws the connecting route lines to Foxboro… so who knows what happened in the intervening years to delete them?

I agree that more information about connections would be nice, but adding frequency information is well beyond the scope of a simplistic diagram like this. Really, its only purpose is to assist with fare zone calculation, and that’s it.

Our rating: Yet another example of a zone map being the ugly stepsister of the transit map world. One-and-a-half stars.

Historical Map: British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) “Transit Map” Newspaper Ad, 1947

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Submitted by Jack, who says:

This is an ad for British Overseas Airways Corporation in the old Australian newspaper The Bulletin, September 17, 1947. I found it while digitizing the paper at work!

Transit Maps says:

This is a glorious find, and one that @airlinemaps would certainly be very interested in. Compositionally, the diagram is very interesting, with a dead straight line linking Britain to the Antipodes (somewhat mitigating the fact that the line represents some three days of flying), and some sweeping, elegant curves representing other “branch” routes. The striking angled typography is spoiled a little by the labels for Hong Kong and Shanghai, which look for all the world like they’ve been added at a later date, shoved in wherever they could fit.

The short-range hopping required for international passenger flight back in 1947 is clearly illustrated by the number of cities called at on the way – there are 15 stops between Sydney and Britain! The other major point of interest is some of the old place names, many of which have been changed over the course of time: Rangoon/Yangon, Salisbury/Harare, Calcutta/Kolkata, etc.